Health Research for Action (HRA) studied the needs of African-American, Latino, Vietnamese, and Mien patients with diabetes. The patients were members of a health plan in Contra Costa County, California. Through focus groups, interviews, and health literacy assessments, the patients evaluated their own care. Based on the results, HRA revised self-management tools, trained providers to better understand patients' needs, and recommended changes to the health plan's education programs and treatment protocols. Four provider health literacy trainings were held, and revisions were made to the plan's diabetes self-management materials.